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  • Founded Date April 7, 1981
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Company Description

Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international innovation company concentrating on Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and supplies a broad variety of other web services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion online forum).

Besides its core web search business, Baidu has diversified into several high-growth areas. The business is a leading gamer in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever consumer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is one of the couple of tech companies globally to use a full-stack AI stack, including software, chips, cloud facilities, structure models, and applications. [5]

The holding company of the group is integrated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was integrated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu became the first Chinese business to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the first Chinese firm to join the United States-based computer ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually significantly concentrated on generative AI related products. [13]

The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its nationwide champ corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted develop software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with establishing much better algorithms for online search engine and stayed at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and received a United States patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first online search engine that used hyperlinks to determine the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which included ranking the appeal of a website based on how numerous other sites had connected to it. [20] It preceded the comparable PageRank algorithm used by Google 2 years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on used his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine.

Baidu was incorporated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu permitted marketers to bid for ad area then pay Baidu each time a client clicked on an advertisement, preceding Google’s method to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news online search engine and image search engine, adopting an unique identification technology capable of identifying and grouping the articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese industry sources specified that Baidu received a license from Beijing, which enables the online search engine to end up being a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu is able to supply its own reports, besides revealing certain results as an online search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese search engine to receive such a license. [25]

Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s very first routine service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would team up with Sina to provide mobile search engine result. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to provide free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu released its Personal Assistant app, developed to assist CEOs, supervisors and the white-collar workers manage their company relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu selected Dr. Andrew Ng as primary scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the business introduced a Brazilian variation of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving car platform, in a bid to help drive the advancement of self-governing cars including lorry platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu prepares to release this job in July 2017, before gradually introducing totally self-governing driving abilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu released a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to purchase as lots of as 100 self-governing driving projects over the occurring three years. [36] At the same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was also launched. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, car industry suppliers, on automated driving and linked cars. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU entered into a partnership with Snap Inc. to act as the company’s official advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu presented a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in numerous various languages. Smaller than a common smartphone, the 140-gram translation gadget can likewise be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to run on networks in 80 countries. It is still under development. Baidu will likewise be placing artificial intelligence (AI) innovation into smart devices, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the same period, it has likewise led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, obtaining 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would introduce self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu announced that its very first yearly Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, workers, partners, developers, and media to go over the company’s objective and technique, technology advancements, new product advancements, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) environment. [48]

China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU company” portion of its overseas organization, which developed a series of energy apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This service now operates separately of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong since JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu exposed a new Robocar principle said to be efficient in Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It likewise features the latest second-generation AI chip that can analyse the internal and external surroundings to supply predictive ideas to proactively serve the requirements of guests.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electrical vehicle company initially backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its very first concept ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production automobile. The ROBO-01 rides on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical automobile platform established by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu released a more recent version Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had completed six million trips utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan. [56]

Domain name redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were transformed such that web browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a website purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, thought to be behind the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the proper site unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page stating “This website has actually been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later on reacted by assaulting Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on introduced legal action against Register.com for gross negligence after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance personnel altered the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed individual, regardless of failing security confirmation treatments. Once the address had been changed, the person had the ability to use the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent straight to them, enabling them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com issued an apology. [62]

Baidu employees apprehended

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three employees of Baidu were arrested on suspicion that they accepted allurements. The kickbacks were allegedly paid for erasing posts from the forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intent to acquire 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app store, but it has actually been reported that the app store deals with personal privacy and other legal concerns. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu revealed that its wholly owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger agreement to acquire 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) literally implies “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “numerous times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having searched hundreds of times in the crowd, unexpectedly turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s primary marketing product is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that allows marketers to have their advertisements displayed in Baidu search engine result pages and on other websites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results are also based upon payments by advertisers. This has triggered criticism and skepticism amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on concerns concerning dependability of Baidu outcomes. Often as many as the very first two pages of search results page tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu sells its marketing products by means of a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it difficult for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party company developed a tool with an interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a signed up organization address either in China or in defined East Asian nations. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] completes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most secondhand search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal post, [78] Baidu played down its gain from Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of income in China’s search-advertising market grew six percentage points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study firm Analysys International.

It is likewise apparent that Baidu is attempting to get in the Internet social media market. Since 2011 [upgrade], it is talking about the possibility of working with Facebook, which would cause a Chinese version of the worldwide social media, managed by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if executed, would deal with off Baidu with competitors from the three popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] as well as induce competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for an evaluation of the habits of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest rival who has actually rebranded its search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have actually utilized anticompetitive techniques in Brazil against the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]

In an ongoing competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise referred to as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has actually begun to invest in deep knowing research and is incorporating new deep knowing technology into some of its apps and products, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live used for a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” innovation. This technology instantly scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and recognizes and removes content that might break copyright law. This enables Baidu to offer an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu revealed they got licenses from China to provide the very first driverless taxis. The business aim to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 self-governing cars set to begin providing rides to passengers within a 23-square-mile location in suburban start beginning 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless vehicle that is planned to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from a staff member in Baidu’s internal monitoring and censorship department reveal a long list of obstructed websites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for breaching the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it performs in accord with the need of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu has the right to obstruct works from its question results under freedom of speech rights, dismissing a suit that sought to punish the company. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet authorities departments to identify details related to “anti-government rumors” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked web websites, news sites and gadgets with informs eliminating misinformation.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, big information and artificial intelligence. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, together with other Internet companies, to “perform special guidance” on news and info associated to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics downgraded Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results page supposedly contributed to the death of a student who attempted an experimental cancer treatment he discovered online. The 21-year-old college trainee was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was identified with synovial sarcoma, a rare kind of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the healthcare facility had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved not successful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s family spent around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the medical facility, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The event triggered huge online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top guard dog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a group of private investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still continuous. One report claimed medical marketing offsets 30% of Baidu’s ad income, much of which comes from for-profit medical facilities that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of health centers across the country established by medical entrepreneurs related to the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to enforce a number of constraints on Baidu, consisting of including disclaimers to advertising content and establishing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to announce that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online neighborhood, one of the communities of Tieba, to unqualified healthcare facilities. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially announced to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of diseases will completely stop business cooperation and will just be open to authoritative public welfare companies. In action to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that private health centers have actually gone into a period of market change and upgrading, and are neither based on posting bar ads nor counting on competitive rankings any longer, so Baidu’s decision will not have an unfavorable influence on the industry. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary business, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue boosting background programs on user gadgets given that a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of six known applications established by the company, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking internet ads – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase earnings generated by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were offered on Google Play Store, had actually been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user score of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of several Chinese sites that were banned or blocked in India for nationwide security factors. [119]

2024 head of communications controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) triggered significant backlashes throughout the Chinese social media for endorsing poisonous work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has actually asked a colleague to be on a 50-day organization journey during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has aroused further discussions among Chinese netizens relating to Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu freely asked forgiveness after the occurrence and has actually presumably lost her job. Baidu’s stock rate fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Copyright in the People’s Republic of China.
Software market in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of search engines by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder guidelines China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia mobile phones”.

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